The Design And Production Of Artifacts - 5691 Words

Neri Oxman Introduction Over the long trajectory of architectural design history, the design and production of artifacts has been characterized by the growing separation of form-making from its natural foundations in material conditions. In contradistinction to craft production (Sennett 2008) in which material and form are naturally intertwined into a tradition of making, modern design and production have historically evolved away from this integration towards the compartmentalization of form-making as a process independent of its sources in material knowledge. At least since the Renaissance, with the emergence of architectural theories, form-making, as the production of form inspired by theory, has become an autonomous body of knowledge.†¦show more content†¦Eventually, this non-material approach to the design and the automation of construction were to be reinforced under the command of computer aided design. The digital revolution, which marked the change from analog to digital technology, has transformed the designer?s drafting board into a digital canvas. Form, it seemed, was now divorced completely from the physical reality of its manifestation. Granted, these new design spaces afforded much liberation in terms of formal expression, but it has also broadened the gap between form and matter and made the hierarchical and sequential separation of modeling, analysis and fabrication processes infinitely more pronounced. The implementation and broad absorption of enhanced computational design tools in architectural practice has, since the early nineties, motivated a renaissance of the formalist project in architecture; geometrically complex shapes became emblems of creativity in digital design environments and supported the design mastery of complex geometries in form generation. This formal and geometric design orientation has also addressed ?free form? design and architecture along with t heir enabling technologies as part of the larger design phenomenon of the ?mass customization? of ?non-standard? form. Today, perhaps underShow MoreRelatedscope of technology Essay932 Words   |  4 Pagesaspects in every technology to an artifact selected from Friedman’s essay â€Å"The World is Flat†. The six aspects include first the skills, techniques, human activity forms, or socio-technical practice; second, resources, tools, and materials; third, technological products or artifacts; fourth, end, intention or functions; fifth, background knowledge; and lastly, social context in which the technology is designed, developed, used, and disposed of, and the artifact that I will apply is Nike. In ChildrenRead MoreThe Land Of Israel And Palestine1478 Words   |  6 PagesThis is a Greek lekythos which is usually used to store ointment, oil, and sometimes adorn graves. This artifact was found in the land of Israel/Palestine. This paper will examine how this object was produced, what kind of style was used in its production and what it meant to individuals at the time. On a larger level, trading objects like this one during the Persian Period represent the strength of local tastes and cultures over nationalistic tensions between Greece and Persia. â€Æ' 2. IntroductionRead MoreThe Record Of Praxis Experience1723 Words   |  7 Pagesgreat engineering design to keep on striving for more efficient and effective solution no matter how great the present design may be as there is no limit on the number of ways current engineering design can be improved. Throughout this RoPE is a reflection of my numerous engineering design endeavors and how each experience contributed to my current definition of engineering design. Artifact 1: Teardowns$ Product Teardowns Taking apart commercial products to evaluate quality of design decisions We dismantledRead MoreVersion Control Essay1339 Words   |  6 Pages\textbf{Architecture and design decisions} Architect /supervisor developers\\\hline \textbf{Expert supervisor} Highly recommended Recommended\\\hline \end{tabularx} \end{table} DCVC, On the other hand, depends on the situation where developers have higher maturity and expertise to handle more high-level and long term tasks \cite{14}. It has the ability to take architectural and design decisions. Moreover, DCVC should ensure the standardization of coding and naming conversions as well as design and architectureRead MoreThe Study Of Speech Movements745 Words   |  3 Pages Moreover, speech production distorts the magnetic field, masking or mimicking neural activations in the final readings. A proposed solution to the artifacts is the use of a brief stimuli and an event-related design that could help distinguishing the BOLD (blood-oxygen level dependent) signals from the signal artefacts; another technique involved the removal of images collected during the motions. However, this precluded the study of longer speech and the use of block designs (which provide betterRead MoreEvent Detectionification And Event Identification960 Words   |  4 Pagescommuniti es, the research team has selected the Design Science Research (DSR) methodology for this research as it is well suited to create an artifact as a solution to a research problem [16]. The main artifact to be developed for that problem was a Mobile-Based Information System (MBIS) for farmers. In that process, many supporting artifacts were also created in the form of architectures, models and theories. DSR consists of 3 cycles: Relevance, Design and Rigors. The research team went through muchRead MoreThe Challenges, Solutions, Models, Tools And Tools1080 Words   |  5 Pagesintegrated in shared project workspaces. The software design process involves many iterative cycles of development before arriving at a deliverable which can be deployed on a production server for live use by customers. Any inconsistency in one module can impact the overall software design and lead to expensive overruns in the project development schedule. More importantly, any anomalies found after the release of the software product on the production server can have severe ramiï ¬ cations to the productsRead MoreThe Concept Of Requirements Traceability1551 Words   |  7 Pagesenvironment and the trace left by those elements on requirements.† In general, traceability is a process of inter-relating the different requirements identified by the stakeholders at different levels of software development life cycle and various project artifacts. This inter-relation is used to establish the scenarios of a specific use case within a system or application and test those scenarios using test-cases. In any software development project, requirements should be easily traceable and for this, theRead MoreHow Music Has Impacted My Life Essay1524 Words   |  7 Pagesprojects as well, often under the pseudonym, Bartholomew Cubbins (â€Å"Jared Leto: Biography†). He made his directorial debut in the documentary Artifact (2012), discussing the challenges he faced in the music industry. This year, he directed Great Wide Open (2016), a nature documentary (â€Å"Jared Leto: Biography†). While documentary filmmaking differs from Hollywood productions, it would not come at a surprise for Leto to direct a feature film, perhaps one h e acts in as well—much in the vein of Woody Allen orRead MoreAn Project On Investigative Journalism1025 Words   |  5 PagesMethodology My proposal focuses on a particular set of cultural practices, organizations, productions, and identities, such as those mobilized by the performance of investigative journalism in Chile in a post-authoritarian moment. I am particularly acknowledging culture’s conception as a process and a set of practices and not a collection of things (Hall, cited by Rose, 2016: 2), constituted by â€Å"interworked systems of construable signs† by which culture is actually a context within which â€Å"social

The Physics Of The Atomic Theory - 1404 Words

Name: Ernest Rutherford Date of Birth: August 30, 1871 Lived: Nelson, New Zealand Which Scientists influenced this Scientists work? Why? I believe that the scientists before Rutherford would have inspired him to investigate in Atoms. This may of occurred because there was a conspiracy towards the atoms due to nobody actually seeing them. What part of the Atomic Theory did they investigate? Ernest Rutherford was responsible for a many different discoveries such as radioactivity and nuclear physics. He discovered alpha and beta rays, found the laws of radioactive decay, and identified alpha particles as helium nuclei. Most important, he postulated the nuclear structure of the atom this structure was known as Rutherford model. Rutherford overturned Thomson s model in 1911 with his well-known gold foil experiment in which he demonstrated that the atom has a tiny, heavy nucleus. Rutherford designed an experiment to use the alpha particles emitted by a radioactive element as probes to the unseen world of atomic structure. Ernest Rutherford publishes his atomic theory describing the atom as having a central positive nucleus surrounded by negative orbiting electrons. This model suggested that most of the mass of the atom was contained in the small nucleus, and that the rest of the atom was mostly empty space. What model did they use to explain their theory (draw the model) What research/experiment did they conduct to test their Theory? Was their experiment successful?Show MoreRelatedThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory1297 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of numerous chemists and physicists. The atomic theory is the building block to the study of matter, just as the atom is the building block to all matter. Around 400 BCE was when the Greek philosopher Democritus, alone with his teacher Leucippus, the idea of the atom was born (the word atom comes from the Greek word â€Å"atomos† or â€Å"atomon† meaning â€Å"that which cannot be split†). This was a completely new concept, and Democritus’s theory stated that atoms were indestructible and homogenousRead MorePhysics And Physics : Atomic Theory2392 Words   |  10 Pages In chemistry and physics, atomic theory is a scientific theory of the nature of matter, which states that matter is composed of discrete units called atoms. It began as a philosophical concept in ancient Greece and entered the scientific mainstream in the early 19th century when discoveries in the field of chemistry showed that matter did indeed behave as if it were made up of atoms. The word atom comes from the Ancient Greek adjective atomos, meaning uncuttable. 19th century chemists began usingRead MoreThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory1519 Words   |  7 Pages â€Å"What is the world made of?† That question has puzzled scientists and philosophers for centuries. The atomic theory was first proposed in ancient Greece around 400 BC and has continued to evolve through the centuries to finally evolve into the current theory we have today. We now know that the subatomic particles that make up the atom are no longer the fundamental particles of the universe because even they are made of smaller particles called â€Å"quarks.† The continuous study of atoms will allow usRead MoreThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory964 Words   |  4 Pagesenergy in all kinds of matter. The atomic theory became a very important piece in chemistry because it explained the atomic structure and how it worked. Important scientists that helped contribute to this theory were people like John Dalton and J.J. Thompson which helped establish a foundation to the theory, as well as create experiments that helped provide evidence of their findings. John Dalton was an important scientist that established the atomic theory. His theory was as follows: 1.All matter isRead MoreThe Physics Of Atomic Theory1142 Words   |  5 Pagesdevelopment of atomic theory, and made science changing discoveries that are still today quite impressive, even in comparison to modern day scientists. There are countless scientists involved in the evolution of atomic theory, but less than 50 have majorly impacted the way we view atomic theory today. Discovery and experimentation on the atom first began in the Greek Era with scientists as old as Democritus and Aristotle. Democritus was believed to be the first person to touch on the atomic theory. He statedRead MoreThe Physics Of The Atomic Theory800 Words   |  4 Pages Atomic Theory The ancient Greek the word atom means indivisible. It was used to describe the smallest indivisible piece of a matter. He believed that all matter could be broken down using femtometers. Atoms were perceived to be indestructible. Atom was derived from the greek word atomon or atomos meaning indestructible. This fundamental atomic theory was developed by a scholar named Democritus. He was a pupil of the famous philosopher Leucippus. From Democritus’ original Atomic TheoryRead MoreEssay about Enrico Fermi and the Development of the Atomic Bomb1013 Words   |  5 PagesEnrico Fermi and the Development of the Atomic Bomb The 20th century saw many important discoveries which impacted people worldwide. Great discoveries were made in the realm of science and technology which lead to the atomic age. One of the leading pioneers in the area of physics was Enrico Fermi. Without his contributions, the atomic bomb may not have been developed or would have possibly been postponed. Enrico Fermi was born into a family who had enough money to live comfortably. FermiRead MoreBiography of Albert Einstein1573 Words   |  7 Pages Einstein was able to apply directly to the Eidgenà ¶ssische Polytechnische Schule (Swiss Federal Polytechnic School) in Zà ¼rich, Switzerland. Lacking a high school diploma, he failed the entrance exam but got exceptional marks in mathematics and physics. Because of this, he was admitted to the school provided he complete his formal schooling first. He went to a special high school run by Jost Winteler in Aarau, Switzerland. He graduated in 1896 at age 17. He became lifelong friends with the WintelerRead MoreThe Discovery Of The Atom1384 Words   |  6 Pageswhich made a theory â€Å"The idea that all matter is made up of tiny, indivisible particles, or atoms, is believed to have originated with the Greek philosopher Leucippus of Miletus and his student Democritus of Abdera in the 5th century B.C. (The word atom comes from the Greek word atomos, which means â€Å"indivisible.†)† (InfoPlease Atomic theory) After that theory scientists started Wondering about this theory and a lot of Scientists made up Models and conducted Experiments to Explain this Theory. In thisRead MoreNiels Henrik David Bohr was born in Copenhagen on October 7, 1885. His parents were Christian Bohr800 Words   |  4 Pagesphysociolgist and was responsible for sparking Niels and Harold’s interests in physics while they were still in school. Their mother, Ellen needeler, came from a family distinguished in the field of education. Niels Bohr parents were well-educated parents. Niels Bohr became interested in physics at a young age. He studied physics thought his undergraduate and graduate years. He worked hard to earn a doctorate in physics in 19911 which he received from Copenhagen University. The next year, 1912, Bohr

Living, Loving, And Learning Buscaglia Reflection Essay Example For Students

Living, Loving, And Learning: Buscaglia Reflection Essay Living, Loving, and Learning: Buscaglia ReflectionWhile reading Leo Buscaglias book, Living, Loving ; Learning, I wasable to reflect back on some of the experiences I have had in my life that havehelped to make me the person I am today, and I was able to look into the futureat what I would like to become. I was able to see how well I know myself andwhat I have to offer others. I was able to see the things I dont like aboutmyself and determine some of the ways I can make myself better. This is some ofwhat reflecting on my life and looking ahead while reading Buscaglia has taughtme. A. You Cannot give to anybody what you do not have.I went to Juab High School in the small town of Nephi, Utah. Likemany other small town high schools, football coaches and P.E. teachers doubledas Algebra teachers and Science teachers. This allowed our school to make fulluse of the limited teachers and resources that it had. There was a lot oftalented people that taught at Juab and some of them made great teachers andcoaches, but some of them didnt. Sometimes it ended up that the footballcoach/algebra teacher cared a little more about tomorrows football game than hedid about ensuring his algebra students knew how to balance equations, andsometimes the P.E./Science teacher cared a little more about the teaching thetennis unit than she did about teaching the four life processes. Those teachers were also the ones that had to relearn the algebra andscience lessons a few days before they taught them to us, because on paper theywere qualified to do the job, but as far as knowing the material and having aninterest in what they were trying to give to us, nothing was there. Have youever tried to get someone excited about a subject that you knew nothing about?Have you ever had a math teacher that sent you across the hall to get help fromsomeone else because he didnt understand what he was trying to teach you? Itcan be pretty hard sometimes to get excited about something if your teacherdoesnt get excited about it. These teachers tried to give us something thatthey didnt have. When I was in middle school I had another teacher that tried to giveus what she didnt have. She was the health teacher, but because of someaddictions to drugs, she really wasnt very healthy. It was sad, because shetaught us from the book that certain drugs are addictive and we should take careof our bodies. We knew that she knew this information first hand because shewas always on drugs. Many days she was so buzzed up that the teacher next doorwould come ask her to hold it down because she was yelling instead of speakingand didnt even know it. Other days she would fall asleep on her desk while wewatched whatever we wanted to on TV. There was more than one time when thestapler ended up in the garbage when the bell rang and woke her up! We alllearned how drugs can mess people up because we saw her every day, but I wonderhow valuable she thought the lesson would be to us because it was something sheobviously didnt believe in? You cannot give to someone what you do not haveyourself.Busca glia makes over and over the point that knowledge and loveare both things that we can gain and gain, yet we are able to share them withothers without ever depleting our own supply. Because as teachers we need tohave the skills to teach our children to love themselves and to become the bestthey can be, I think it is so important that we dedicate the time that we havefor living, to loving and learning. I am going to become the best Valerie thatI can be, because then I can give others the knowledge and the love to becomethe best Johns, Kates and Ashleys that they can be. B. Risk TakingBuscaglia tells us the importance of being ourselves. For me,sometimes being myself means taking a risk. All of us have our own littleviews of what we think others see as being normal, and we all have innatetendencies to try to either fit into the category of normalcy or to totally goagainst what the crowd is doing just to be different. I lived in Salt Lake for one month. At the restaurant where Iworked there was a wide variety of people. One of my friends had a mild case ofschizophrenia and was haunted by his inability to deal with reality. If he wentinto the grocery store and saw a group of people laughing and joking, heautomatically thought that they were laughing at him. As a result of hisparanoia, he had a hard time making close friends and as a result of that madehimself an easy target for peer pressure. He would do anything at all to feelaccepted by others, simply because he wanted so much to be what he viewed asnormal. Essay on The Presidential Election : Barack Obama And Obama EssayWhether it is raking leaves for the neighbors or teaching achild to read, those whom we serve are going to know that they are someone whois important, as will we when we serve them. By giving service, we have ledsomeone back to themselves. We have given love. D. ChangeBuscaglia talks a lot about making changes. We cannot progressif we do not take the necessary steps to making changes in our lives. It isthrough examining our lives, determining what we do and do not like, and thenworking hard to make the changes necessary to become better. Change is notsomething that happens over night, but must be worked at continually in order tomake the change become a long lasting one. When I was a little girl, I had the bad habit of biting my fingernails. Sometimes I would chew them so far down that they would become very sore andsometimes even infected. My older sister Kathy had long, beautiful nails that Iwas pretty envious of, and I decided that I was going to have fingernails justlike that. It took a LOT of will power not to bite my fingernails ( though nowlooking back Im not sure why I enjoyed chewing them so much!), but finally Iwas able to stop. My nails grew very slowly at first, and were extremelybrittle, but eventually they grew to be strong and healthy. I was pretty proudof myself and made sure that my entire family knew what a good job I had doneand how beautiful they were. My sister Angie, then also a biter of nails, gottired of hearing about it awfully fast! One night, with the assistance of Kathywho was just out for the adventure of it all, Angela cut all of my fingernailswhile I was asleep in order to teach me not to brag! I decided that unless Iwanted to lose my hair next, which grew much faster than Angelas and I mad esure she knew it, bragging had better be the next change that I make in my life. Through the years I have made several changes when I have seensomething about myself I didnt like. When I read Buscaglia, I took the littlelook at my life again and set goals to make some changes. One of them was tostop arguing with my older sister Allison. I dont know how feasible it is tomake such a goal, but I decided Id make an extra effort. The fact that Iveset the same goal not to argue with her a hundred or more times previously isjust proof that change takes a continuous effort, not just one event, in orderto make the efforts effective and make the change long lasting. I decided thatI am going to let more of the little things she does that annoy me slide by, andto stop doing things just to annoy her. That is just the first steps. AfterIve got those down, Ill look at the situation again and work on something else. If I work hard, impossible though it may sometimes seem, the change can be madeand I will be a better person because of it. E. To me, life is Gods gift to you. The way you live yourlife is your gift to God. Make it a fantastic one. p. 83I chose this quote from the writings of Buscaglia because itties up all of his ideas into one little bundle. If you were to give someone agift and then watched them neglect it, abuse it, or destroy it, your feelingswould be hurt and you would be pretty upset. But if you were able to see themshow it off to their friends, love it, and take care of it, you would feel likethat person appreciated the gift and it would be almost like a gift to you. Upon reading this quote is where I took the opportunity to look intothe future. The gift that God gave me is a wonderful one. Sometimes I have ahard time seeing my life as being wonderful because I make so many mistakes. But life is wonderful because life is about making mistakes. It is what we dowith them that is important. I know that God always sees me as being wonderful. God loves me. He gave me life. God wants me, and every other person, tobecome the very best that we can be, and then to become even better. He wantsus to nurture life, to love life, and to live it. Lets do our best.

Terrorism Act in Canada free essay sample

The impact of the Anti-Terrorism Act on the Muslims and Arabs in Canada The Anti-terrorism Act in Canada and its effects on the Muslim and Arabic communities September 11, 2001 marked a catastrophic change not only in American society but in every western state including Canada. The terrorist attacks on the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon have had a ripple effect, spreading to the entire world and terrifying thousands of people. Following these attacks, world populations were devastated and governments faced a never-before seen need to make laws governing this new form of terror.Countries like the United States of America, United Kingdom, and Canada have passed anti-terrorism legislations that define â€Å"terrorism† and how to respond and prevent such attacks. Generally speaking, some scholars and ordinary individuals argue that the new anti-terrorism Act in Canada may aim to combat terrorism but it also violates the rights of certain individuals. The new Act gave the au thorities especially the police task forces the power to investigate suspect terrorist cases without worrying about the charter of rights and freedoms. We will write a custom essay sample on Terrorism Act in Canada or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This ends with the question of security of state versus the rights of individuals.They argue that the shock and the disbelief that infected the Canadian Government after the September attacks to take a fast and effective legislation to protect the country from a prospective threat, â€Å"pushed the government to implement the Bill C-36 that was turned to be the Anti-terrorism Act in four months only after the September Attacks without thinking about the consequences of this new law. † (Andreychuk) Firstly we should know what is the Bill C-36 or the Anti-Terrorism Act to examine whether or not it affected some minorities in Canada.As stated above, the Bill C-36 was a quick response to the September Attacks in the USA. Bill C-36 was first introduced in the House of Commons by Justice Minister Anne McLellan on 15 October 2001. The Bill defines â€Å"terrorist activity† as an act that is committed â€Å"in whole or in part for a political, religious, or ideological purpos e, objective, or cause. † (Mazer). The new Act gave the investigative branch of the police and the CSIS more powers to investigate the very private details of the lives of the suspect terrorists.Also the act put more restrictions on the immigration policies as well as the security measurements in the airports and the borders as well as the seaports during the amending of existing Act like information security Act (Carter). In addition to these new restrictions, the accused person has no right to see or to know the evidence which the government has against him. Even when the Act was amended in 2008, the only person who can see a summary of the evidence is a lawyer who was appointed by the government and he can’t shoe this evidence to the accused.From the practical point of view, the most minorities in Canada to be affected by these new measurements are the Muslim minority in particular and the Arabic minority in general. The inclusion of religion as a motive for ‘terrorist activity’ within the Act may cast a pall over one’s faith. The Muslim and Arab communities of Canada have already expressed that many of their members consider that they have fallen victims to racial or cultural discrimination because of the Act. We can say that the bad luck has accompanied the Muslims in this issue.Currently and unfortunately all the terrorists are coming from an Islamic background like Afghanistan, Pakistan or Chechnya. This forced not only our government but also most of the government in the world to link terrorism to Islam as a religion. The government will not stay silent until a big disaster happens as in the case of September attacks, London attacks as well as Madrid attacks. If we look at the Charter of Rights and Freedoms, we may find some sections that have been violated by the new Terrorism Act. Sections eight to fourteen have been extremely infringed after the attacks.Thousands of individuals have been seized in a way that violates the charter. Another shift that happened to our tolerant society is that the supreme court of Canada has shifted the nature of its rulings regarding the infringement of the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. â€Å"There has been a clear change of mind, within the Court, regarding the authority of international human rights law, at least where highly sensitive security matters are involved, such as deportation of political refugees suspected of being linked with terrorist organisations. † (Coutu Giroux)The party that argues that the Muslims and Arabs have been affected negatively by the Anti-terrorism Act might prove their argument by comparing it with the American Patriot Act which was the American anti-terrorism act. In the American version of the anti-terrorism legislation it condemned any discrimination against Arab Americans, Muslim Americans and Americans from south Asia and affirmed that â€Å"the concept of individual responsibility for wrongdoing is sacrosanct in American society a nd applies equally to all religions, racial and ethnic groups†( Roach 72) . If we read our Anti-terrorism Act we won’t find such a clarification.But from a practical point of view, this clarification didn’t immune the Muslims in the USA from profiling but at least it affirmed the principle of equality. On the other hand there is another party that advocates that agrees with the anti-terrorism Act and denies that it is targeting the Muslim and Arabic minorities in Canada. On the other hand, we can’t blame the government for such actions, whether or not that the religion is the driving force to these kinds of attacks. The government is working hard to ensure that the Canadian nation live in a secure and stable climate so that we can maintain our economic supremacy.Also it is working hard to ensure that the history will not blame it for neglecting national security issues like terrorism. From this perspective the government had this kind of response to the September cowardly attacks. The other counter party argue that the Arabic and the Islamic communities are not under persecution or any kind of discrimination according to religion or origin. They argue that these new Anti-terrorism Act is applied on every Canadian citizen whether he is Muslim, Christian, Jewish or any religious background.It is applied on every citizen regardless of his ethnic background whether he is polish, Scottish, Arabic or French. In the airports the safeguards don’t ask the passengers about their religion or ethnic background if they are travelling from Canada but the passengers who are coming to Canada from suspicious countries, that help the terrorist organizations or have this kind of organizations on their lands such as: Pakistan, Afghanistan, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and Yemen, the government tends to have more restrictive laws regarding them because they are the most likely individuals to be terrorists.It is important to mention that the government of Canada put three justifications to the new Act when it was introduced. Firstly, the Anti-terrorism act is in compliance with the charter of rights and freedoms. Secondly, the current criminal law is deficient in protecting the national security of Canada from similar attacks to those ones that happened in the US. Finally, the new act enhances the charter values. I’ll go over each one of them briefly. Firstly, the government argued that the crimin al law was inefficient in keeping the Canadian territories safe from future terrorist attacks. They argued that the police forces don’t have the required tools to prevent Canada’s own September 11 so there was an urgent necessity to give the police force and the CSIS these tools to do their job to protect our country. Secondly the government argued that the new Act didn’t violate the human rights stated in the charter. The minister of justice stated that â€Å"the act was subject to a very thorough review on Charter ground and that its measures have been designed so they will respect the values of the charter, and, we expect, survive legal challenges† (Roach 75).Thirdly, the government argued that the new Act didn’t not only violate the charter rights but it did enhance these rights as well. The government argued that the new Act embodied new provisions regarding hate crime propaganda against any religious minority in Canada. The government officials were aware of the Tsunami of hate propaganda and crimes that will be resulted after the Septe mber attacks against Muslims and Arabic minorities that’s why the new Act was popular and it has been supported by a lot of people who were worried about the hate crimes.Also the Act allowed the deletion of any content on internet that might refer to be hate propaganda against Islam. In same time the government argued that the Act promoted the value of equality between the individuals because the law is applicable to everyone in the country. Finally it is clear that the Anti-terrorism Act or Bill c-36 has been criticized and debated from every level in the society from the ordinary individuals who are saying that the Act violated the rights and freedoms of Muslim and Arabic minorities in Canada, to our government which is defending the new Act.In my personal opinion, the government is free to pass laws and legislations to protect our national security because if any terrorist attack happened, every on in the country will blame the government from not preventing the great loss in lives and money. But it is important to say the government should try to balance those laws with our own freedoms and regulations as long as our national security is protected. In same time, I see that Muslim and Arabic minorities are not affected badly by this law because this law is ap plied to all Canadians not Muslims only.